2nd Year Chemistry Guess Paper 2025 (Punjab Board) – Download PDF

Looking for the best guess paper for 2nd year Chemistry? You’re at the right place! We are sharing the 2nd Year Chemistry Guess Paper 2025 for all Punjab Boards in PDF format. This guess paper includes important chapter-wise questions and follows the latest paper scheme 2025. It is helpful for students of all Punjab boards including:

• Lahore Board
• Gujranwala Board
• Sargodha Board
• Sahiwal Board
• Bahawalpur Board
• Multan Board
• DG Khan Board
• Rawalpindi Board
• Faisalabad Board

2nd Year Chemistry Guess Paper 2025

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Chapter 1 – Periodic Table & Periodicity

Important Short Questions

1. Justify that ZnO is amphoteric in nature.
2. Although sodium and phosphorus are in the same period of the periodic table, their oxides differ in nature. Na₂O is basic while P₂O₅ is acidic. Explain.
3. Why are ionic radii of negative ions larger than their parent atoms?
4. What is electron affinity? Why is the second electron affinity usually positive? / Give the periodic trend.
5. Why does metallic character increase from top to bottom in a group?
6. Why is the oxidation state of noble gases usually zero?
7. Why is diamond a non-conductor while graphite is a conductor?
8. Write similarities of hydrogen with alkali metals.
9. Why were Zn, Cd, and Hg placed with alkaline earth metals in Mendeleev’s table?
10. Why is a negative ion always larger than its parent atom?
11. Why do elements of groups VA–VIIA have low melting and boiling points?
12. Write similarities and dissimilarities of hydrogen with Group IV-A elements and halogens.
13. Why are metals good conductors?
14. Why is the size of an anion always greater than its parent atom?
15. Explain the anomalous behavior of lithium.
16. Define hydration energy. Justify the order: Al³⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Na⁺.
17. Why is the oxidation number of noble gases usually zero?

Important Long Questions

1. Justify the position of hydrogen in Groups IA, IV-A, and VIIA.
2. Define ionization energy. Discuss its periodic and group trends.
3. Define hydrides. Give their classification and properties.
4. State Mendeleev’s Periodic Law. What improvements were later made?
5. Discuss the trend of metallic character and explain its relation with atomic size.

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Chapter 2 – Group IIA & Group IIA Compounds

Important Short Questions

1. What is the role of KO₂ in breathing equipment / for mountaineers?
2. Why is an aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃ alkaline?
3. Why does lime water turn milky with CO₂ but clears with excess CO₂?
4. Show by reactions that BeO is amphoteric.
5. How is gypsum converted into plaster of Paris?
6. Why is 2% gypsum added in cement?
7. Why is lime added to acidic soil?
8. How is lime mortar prepared? Give reactions.
9. What is milk of magnesia and for which treatment is it used?
10. What are the advantages of Down’s cell for sodium preparation?
11. Why is Down’s cell preferable for large-scale sodium preparation?
12. State the main uses of plaster of Paris.
13. Give two similar properties of lithium and magnesium.
14. What problems are faced during diaphragm cell working?
15. Write reactions of:

• Heating lithium carbonate
• Heating sodium bicarbonate
• Reacting lithium hydride with water

1. Write formulas of:

• Beryl
• Asbestos
• Chrysoberyl
• Calcite
• Barite
• Dolomite

Important Long Questions

1. Explain the preparation of sodium by Down’s cell.
2. Write a note on the role of gypsum in agriculture.
3. Explain commercial preparation of NaOH by diaphragm / Nelson’s cell.
4. Discuss peculiar behavior of beryllium. Write four differences from its group.
5. Discuss peculiar behavior of lithium compared with other alkali metals.

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Chapter 3 – Group IIIA & IVA Compounds

Important Short Questions

1. What is tincal? How does its aqueous solution show alkalinity?
2. What are silicones? Why are liquid silicones better lubricants?
3. Why is CO₂ a gas while SiO₂ is a solid at room temperature?
4. What is a chemical garden?
5. Write uses of borax and boric acid.
6. Explain the borax-bead test.
7. Convert boric acid to borax and vice versa.
8. Write four uses of sodium silicate.
9. Write reactions of boric acid with ethyl alcohol and NaOH.
10. How does carbon differ from other Group IV-A elements?
11. Give similarities between carbon and silicon.
12. Why is borax solution alkaline?
13. Write names and formulas of four boric acids.
14. How does aluminum react with aqueous NaOH?
15. How is borax used as a water softener?
16. Why are borate glazes preferred over silicate glazes?
17. What is vitreous silica?
18. Give names and formulas of boron acids.

Note: No long questions from this chapter this year.

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Chapter 4 – Group V-A Compounds

Important Short Questions

1. Why does aqua regia dissolve gold and platinum?
2. Write differences between oxygen and sulphur.
3. Why is SO₃ dissolved in H₂SO₄ and not in water?
4. Describe the ring test for nitrate ions.
5. Prove conc. H₂SO₄ is a dehydrating agent with reactions.
6. Prove NO₂ is a strong oxidizing agent.
7. Prove P₂O₅ is a strong dehydrating agent.
8. How does P₂O₅ react with cold and hot water?
9. How does HNO₃ react with Cu and Mn?
10. How does NO₂ react with KI and H₂S?
11. Write four uses of HNO₃.
12. How does nitrogen differ from other group members?
13. How is NO prepared from: lead nitrate / Cu + HNO₃?
14. Write methods for preparation of NO.
15. Write four properties of H₂SO₄.
16. Justify nitrous acid as both reducing and oxidizing agent.
17. Discuss allotropes of phosphorus.

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Chapter 5 – Halogens & Noble Gases

Important Short Questions

1. Give important uses of helium.
2. What is iodized salt?
3. What are Freons and Teflon? Give uses.
4. Why does iodine show metallic luster?
5. How do halogen acids ionize in water?
6. Justify halogens as strong oxidizing agents.
7. Why does fluorine show peculiar behavior?
8. Why is HF weaker than other halogen acids? Write four properties.
9. Write four applications of noble gases.
10. What is halothane? Write formula.
11. How are XeF₂ and XeF₄ prepared?
12. Write four applications of noble gases.
13. On what factors does halogen oxidizing power depend?
14. Give reactions of chlorine with cold and hot NaOH.
15. What is bleaching powder? How is it prepared by Hasenclever’s method?
16. Write four uses of bleaching powder.

Important Long Questions

1. Discuss peculiar behavior of fluorine.
2. Explain preparation and uses of bleaching powder.
3. Discuss reactivity of halogens as oxidizing agents and their commercial uses.
4. Write reactions of xenon fluorides.

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Chapter 6 – Transition Elements

Important Short Questions

1. Why are d- and f-block elements called transition elements?
2. Why do transition compounds show colors and variable oxidation states?
3. Differentiate between typical and non-typical transition elements.
4. How does galvanizing protect iron from rust?
5. What is the chromyl chloride test?
6. How are chromates converted to dichromates?
7. What are chelates in transition complexes?
8. Define ligand and its types.
9. Define coordination number with example.
10. What is coordination sphere?
11. What is sacrificial corrosion?
12. Write uses of K₂Cr₂O₇.
13. What are interstitial compounds?
14. How are gas bubbles removed from steel?
15. Define paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances.
16. Why does damaged tin-coated iron rust quickly?

Note: No long questions from this chapter this year.

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Chapter 7 – Organic Chemistry Basics

Important Short Questions

1. What is vital force theory? Why was it rejected?
2. What is catalytic cracking?
3. What is octane number and how is it improved?
4. What is destructive distillation?
5. What is natural gas? Write two uses.
6. What are heterocyclic compounds?
7. Define aromatic compound with example.
8. What are alicyclic compounds? Give example.
9. Define functional group with examples.
10. What is isomerism? Give examples.
11. Define metamerism with example.
12. What is a zwitter ion? Write formula.
13. Define cis-trans (geometrical) isomerism with example.
14. Define tautomerism with example.
15. Why is there free rotation around single bonds but not double bonds?

Important Long Questions

1. Explain reforming of petroleum with example.
2. Define cracking and explain its types with examples.
3. Define hybridization. Discuss ethene/ethyne structure.
4. Define isomerism. Explain geometrical isomerism with examples.
5. Classify organic compounds with examples.

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Chapter 8 – Hydrocarbons

Important Short Questions

1. Why are alkanes less reactive than alkenes?
2. Differentiate between Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishner reductions.
3. What is Raney nickel? Where is it used?
4. What is Baeyer’s test? How is it used to detect unsaturation?
5. State Markownikov’s rule with example.
6. Write mechanism of ozonolysis of ethene.
7. Prepare cis- and trans-alkenes from alkyne.
8. How is ethyne converted into ethanol?
9. Convert CH≡CH into oxalic acid.
10. Convert ethyne into (a) acetaldehyde (b) benzene.
11. Convert methane into: formaldehyde, nitromethane.
12. Define polymerization. Convert ethene to polyethene.
13. Convert 2-butyne to cis- and trans-2-butene.
14. Why are alkanes unreactive?
15. Why is π-bond more reactive than σ-bond?
16. What is hydrogenolysis?
17. Differentiate between ethane and ethyne.
18. Convert methane to formic acid.
19. Convert ethyne into acetaldehyde.
20. Convert 1-butene to 1-butyne.
21. Write four uses of methane.

Important Long Questions

1. Methods of alkenes preparation. Prepare ethene by Kolbe’s electrolysis with mechanism.
2. Prepare ethyne by Kolbe’s method with mechanism.
3. Discuss acidic nature of alkynes with examples.
4. Compare reactivity of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes. Explain Markownikov’s rule.
5. Give reactions of HBr with propene, 2-butene, 1-butene.

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Chapter 9 – Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Important Short Questions

1. Discuss objections to Kekulé’s benzene structure.
2. Write resonance structures of benzene.
3. Define resonance energy.
4. What is Wurtz-Fittig reaction? Give example.
5. Explain mechanism of nitration and halogenation of benzene.
6. Explain sulphonation of benzene with mechanism.
7. What happens when ozone reacts with benzene?
8. Prepare m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.
9. Give conditions for preparation of benzene from acetylene.
10. How is benzene converted to maleic acid?
11. Draw structures of naphthalene and anthracene.
12. What are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?
13. Discuss X-ray structure of benzene.
14. Prepare benzene from (i) n-hexane, (ii) benzene sulphonic acid.
15. Write general mechanism of electrophilic substitution in benzene.
16. What happens when chlorine reacts with benzene in sunlight?
17. Write four ortho-para directing groups.

Important Long Questions

1. Explain structure of benzene on the basis of orbital theory.
2. Write four methods of benzene preparation.
3. What are Friedel–Crafts reactions? Explain alkylation and acylation.
4. Write two reactions where benzene behaves as saturated and two as unsaturated hydrocarbon.
5. Explain mechanisms of sulphonation and nitration of benzene.

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Chapter 10 – Alkyl Halides

Important Short Questions

1. Differentiate between primary and tertiary alkyl halides with examples.
2. Convert ethyl bromide into (i) n-butane (ii) ethene (iii) ethyl alcohol (iv) propane.
3. What is Wurtz reaction? State importance.
4. Give two examples of nucleophilic substitution reactions.
5. What is β-elimination?
6. How are tetraethyl and tetramethyl lead prepared?
7. How is alkyl halide prepared from alcohol and thionyl chloride?
8. Define elimination reactions with examples (E1, E2).
9. Write mechanism of SN1 reaction.
10. Define electrophile and nucleophile.
11. Justify order of bond reactivity: R–I > R–Br > R–Cl.
12. Give methods to prepare alkyl halides from alcohols.
13. What is Grignard reagent?
14. Convert ethyl alcohol into ethyl chloride.
15. Starting from C₂H₄Br, prepare ethane and ethene.
16. How are alkyl nitriles obtained from Grignard reagent?

Important Long Questions

1. What is β-elimination? Differentiate E1 and E2.
2. What are SN reactions? Differentiate SN1 and SN2.
3. What are Grignard reagents? How do they react with carbonyl compounds?
4. Explain reactions of ethyl magnesium bromide with CO₂ and CH₃COCH₃.
5. Explain SN1 reaction with example.
6. Discuss SN2 reaction of alkyl halide in detail.

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