2nd Year Biology Guess Paper 2025 All Punjab Board

🎓 2nd Year Chemistry Guess Paper 2025

This guess paper is carefully compiled for 2nd Year Biology students. It includes the most important short questions and long questions expected in the board exams, based on past paper trends and repeated examination questions. Students are advised to prepare these questions thoroughly for better performance in the upcoming exams.

Chapter 15 – Homeostasis

Short Questions

1. Define lithotripsy.
2. What are pyrogens?
3. Explain hypertonic environment. What changes occur in a cell in such an environment? OR Differentiate between hypotonic and hypertonic environment.
4. Define osmoconformers and osmoregulators.
5. What is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?
6. What are heat shock proteins?
7. What are flame cells? Why are they called so? State their role.
8. Write the structural formulas of urea and uric acid.
9. Define homeostasis and explain its importance.
10. Define anhydrobiosis with an example.
11. What is the counter current multiplier mechanism?
12. Differentiate between poikilotherms and homeotherms.
13. Differentiate between ectotherms and endotherms.
14. Differentiate between shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis.
15. Differentiate between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
16. What are xerophytes? Mention two adaptations.
17. Draw and label the urea cycle.
18. Explain the process of panting with an example.
19. Describe the function of Malpighian tubules.
20. Why are leaves called excretophores?

Long Questions

1. Write a note on osmoregulation in marine fishes.
2. Describe the structure of a nephron.
3. Explain osmoregulation in the terrestrial environment.
4. Discuss excretion in cockroach.
5. Explain kidney problems in humans and their treatments.
6. Discuss the major homeostatic functions of the liver.
7. Describe excretion in plants.

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Chapter 16 – Support and Movement

Short Questions

Check Exercise question 

Long Questions

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Chapter 17 – Coordination and Control

Short Questions

1. Define reflex action.
2. What is conditioned reflex?
3. Define synapse.
4. Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
5. Define nerve impulse.
6. Define resting potential.
7. What is action potential?
8. Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.
9. What are hormones?
10. What is negative feedback mechanism?
11. Differentiate between steroid and peptide hormones.
12. Write two functions of hypothalamus.
13. Write two functions of medulla oblongata.
14. Name the meninges around the brain.
15. Differentiate between cerebrum and cerebellum.

Long Questions

1. Explain the structure of a neuron.
2. Describe the conduction of a nerve impulse.
3. Write a note on reflex action and reflex arc.
4. Discuss the role of hypothalamus in humans.
5. Describe the functions of pituitary gland.
6. Explain types of coordination in animals.
7. Describe the structure and functions of human brain.

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Chapter 18 – Nervous System (and Sense Organs)

Short Questions

1. Define receptor.
2. Differentiate between rods and cones.
3. Define myopia and hypermetropia.
4. What is astigmatism?
5. Define presbyopia.
6. What is auditory canal?
7. Define eustachian tube.
8. What are semicircular canals?
9. Define organ of Corti.
10. What is fovea centralis?

Long Questions

1. Describe the structure of the human eye.
2. Explain common eye defects and their correction.
3. Write a note on the structure of human ear.
4. Explain the mechanism of hearing.
5. Write a note on taste buds and sense of smell.

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Chapter 19 – Support and Movement in Plants

Short Questions

1. Define turgor pressure.
2. Define wilting.
3. What are tropic movements?
4. Differentiate between nastic and tropic movement.
5. Define photoperiodism.
6. What is thigmonasty?
7. Define nyctinasty.
8. Write two functions of auxins.
9. Write two functions of gibberellins.
10. Define abscisic acid.

Long Questions

1. Explain tropic movements in plants.
2. Describe nastic movements in plants.
3. Write a note on photoperiodism.
4. Explain the role of plant hormones.

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Chapter 20 – Reproduction

Short Questions

1. Define gametogenesis.
2. Define spermatogenesis.
3. Define oogenesis.
4. Differentiate between internal and external fertilization.
5. What is pollination?
6. Define double fertilization.
7. Define parthenogenesis.
8. Write two functions of placenta.
9. Define implantation.
10. What are identical twins?

Long Questions

1. Describe the process of spermatogenesis.
2. Explain oogenesis in detail.
3. Write a note on fertilization in plants.
4. Describe human female reproductive system.
5. Explain male reproductive system in humans.

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Chapter 21 – Growth and Development

Short Questions

1. Define growth.
2. Define development.
3. Differentiate between determinate and indeterminate growth.
4. Define differentiation.
5. Define morphogenesis.
6. Define regeneration.
7. Define senescence.
8. Define apoptosis.
9. What are growth hormones?
10. Define totipotency.

Long Questions

1. Explain different phases of growth in plants.
2. Describe growth curve.
3. Write a note on factors affecting growth.
4. Discuss regeneration in animals.
5. Explain seed germination.

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Chapter 22 – Chromosomes and DNA

Short Questions

1. Define chromosome.
2. Define gene.
3. Define DNA.
4. Define histones.
5. Differentiate between haploid and diploid.
6. Define nucleosome.
7. Define centromere.
8. Define chromatin.
9. Define karyotype.
10. Define genome.

Long Questions

1. Describe the structure of DNA.
2. Explain Watson and Crick’s model of DNA.
3. Write a note on types of RNA.
4. Explain structure and types of chromosomes.
5. Describe replication of DNA.

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Chapter 23 – Cell Cycle

Short Questions

1. Define cell cycle.
2. Define mitosis.
3. Define meiosis.
4. Define cytokinesis.
5. Differentiate between prophase and metaphase.
6. Differentiate between anaphase and telophase.
7. Define crossing over.
8. Define synapsis.
9. Define bivalent.
10. Define spindle fibers.

Long Questions

1. Explain different phases of mitosis.
2. Explain stages of meiosis I.
3. Explain stages of meiosis II.
4. Write a note on significance of mitosis.
5. Write a note on significance of meiosis.

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Chapter 24 – Variation and Genetics

Short Questions

1. Define variation.
2. Define mutation.
3. Define allele.
4. Define genotype.
5. Define phenotype.
6. Define monohybrid cross.
7. Define dihybrid cross.
8. Define test cross.
9. Define linkage.
10. Define sex-linked inheritance.

Long Questions

1. State Mendel’s law of segregation.
2. State Mendel’s law of independent assortment.
3. Explain monohybrid cross with example.
4. Explain dihybrid cross with example.
5. Write a note on sex-linked inheritance.

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Chapter 25 – Evolution

Short Questions

1. Define evolution.
2. Define fossil.
3. Define vestigial organs.
4. Define homologous organs.
5. Define analogous organs.
6. Define natural selection.
7. Define artificial selection.
8. Define adaptive radiation.
9. Define genetic drift.
10. Define gene flow.

Long Questions

1. Explain Lamarck’s theory of evolution.
2. Explain Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
3. Write a note on evidence of evolution from fossils.
4. Write a note on evidence of evolution from comparative anatomy.
5. Explain modern concept of evolution.

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Chapter 26 – Biotechnology

Short Questions

1. Define biotechnology.
2. Define genetic engineering.
3. Define recombinant DNA technology.
4. Define cloning.
5. Define PCR.
6. Define restriction enzymes.
7. Define gel electrophoresis.
8. Define transgenic organisms.
9. Define bioinformatics.
10. Define DNA sequencing.

Long Questions

1. Write a note on applications of biotechnology in medicine.
2. Explain applications of biotechnology in agriculture.
3. Explain applications of biotechnology in industry.
4. Write a note on genetically modified organisms.
5. Explain the process of DNA recombinant technology.

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Chapter 27 – Ecosystem

Short Questions

1. Define ecosystem.
2. Define ecology.
3. Define biosphere.
4. Define food chain.
5. Define food web.
6. Define trophic level.
7. Define ecological pyramid.
8. Define biotic components.
9. Define abiotic components.
10. Define producers and consumers.

Long Questions

1. Explain components of ecosystem.
2. Describe flow of energy in ecosystem.
3. Write a note on biogeochemical cycles.
4. Explain carbon cycle.
5. Explain nitrogen cycle.

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❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: Is this Biology Guess Paper valid for all Punjab Boards?
✅ Yes, this guess paper is designed according to the syllabus of all Punjab Boards.

Q2: Are these questions guaranteed to come in the exams?
🚫 No paper can guarantee questions. These are expected questions based on past papers.

Q3: Should I only prepare from this guess paper?
❌ No, you should also prepare the full textbook. This is only for smart and quick revision.

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